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Initiated by the European Commission, this study is the first to analyse how damage caused by artificial intelligence (AI) systems is allocated by the rules of tortious liability currently in force in the European Union, to examine whether ? and if so, to what extent ? national tort law regimes differ in that respect and to identify possible gaps in the protection of injured parties. The study assesses solutions expected on the basis of current European tort laws after weighing up conflicting interests, and goes on to identify questions in respect of which the interpretation of the liability rules in force appears uncertain as well as to indicate potential inconsistencies in these solutions. It focuses on the key aspects of selected, most significant problem constellations and uses illustrative examples from a number of European legal systems representing different legal families.