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Drawing on qualitative research conducted in Brussels, Wallonia and Flanders, Islam and Turks in Belgium examines the interdependence between Muslim community and association. While highlighting social groups, religious structures and circles within Turkish populations, this book aims to demonstrate how communal and associative movements operate through a combination of relationships of proximity and distance. Proximity is a way in which Muslim organizations establish religious, social, and cultural ties with communities. Distance, on the other hand, refers to the closeness with social, historical, and political elements from abroad. As this reciprocal web of relations gives rise to Islamic mobilizations, the relations lead to the emergence or persistence of different figures of authority within associations and communities who articulate traditional, charismatic, and bureaucratic legitimacies. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of the sociology of religion, migration, race, ethnicity and Islamic studies.