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Is it permissible to kill an innocent person against her will in order to prevent several other innocent persons from being killed against their will? The answer to which this essay comes after extensive discussion is ? under certain conditions and limitations ? affirmative.On the way to this answer, the book offers a comprehensive in-depth discussion of so-called deontic restrictions ? that is, the idea of an action’s being prohibited in circumstances in which performing it once would be the only way to prevent its being performed multiple times. It offers a comprehensive in-depth discussion of existing approaches to justify deontic restrictions ? where many of these approaches undergo a deeper critical examination for the first time ever. In addition, the book clarifies some adjoining questions, such as why deontic restrictions are often perceived as problematic or how the concept of agent-relativity should best be understood and formalized. Put into broader perspective, the conclusions offered should have a bearing on a number of debates in normative ethics, not least on the debate between deontologists and consequentialist.