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This book examines US foreign policy in the Eastern Mediterranean and the region’s key role in the practice and evolution of American exceptionalism. The political developments in the Eastern Mediterranean during the 19th, and the first half of the 20th century, gave the opportunity to the US to express in the most explicit way its anti-colonialism, its fervent support of open democratic societies, and its willingness to openly confront tyranny and oppression whenever this was possible or necessary for American interests. Since that time, the region has been a testing ground for the core elements of American foreign policy and exceptionalism, and much of America’s foreign policy globally has come from its presence and actions in the Eastern Mediterranean. The monograph shows the contributions of the United States during critical moments in the region, such as the First Barbary War (1801-1805), the introduction of Truman Doctrine, Washington’s role in the Suez Crisis, the Greek junta and the Imia Crisis. It also scrutinizes the different levels of economic, military and diplomatic challenge that China, Russia and Turkey present today for the US status in the Eastern Mediterranean, while it also covers the American approach to the Arab Spring.