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Economic agglomeration and its impact on regional development is often painted as a firmly contemporary phenomenon but the forces that lead to the development of innovation and business clusters can also be tracked back decades and even centuries. In this process, stakeholder groups, institutions, and macro-environmental drivers shape cluster-level and regional outcomes over the long-term.

However, far from resulting from a slow, careful process of planning and strategy, clusters are often shaped as a response to sudden events and can be viewed as the product of crisis management - they can hence be seen as organic phenomena. In order to illustrate this, the authors draw from regional and planning studies, economic geography, evolutionary economics, business and economic history to highlight the historical trajectory of the business cluster.