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The years 1914-1945 are commonly thought of as the era of genocide in Europe. As well as the Holocaust, these years also witnessed the Armenian Genocide in 1915 and mass killings in Stalin's Russia. In this, the third volume of his internationally - acclaimed history of genocide, Mark Levene greatly extends this victim inventory while also expanding the time-frame for this sequence of genocide to embrace the period immediately before and after the two world wars. At the core of his in-depth examination is the wartime collapse of the old European empires and the succeeding geopolitical struggles for the contested eastern European or near-European 'rimlands' - multiethnic regions marked down for lethal homogenisation. Levene shows that much more attention needs to be paid to the interaction between geography, modernity and power in assessing the occurrence of genocide in this period - and that much more attention needs to be focused on the contest for control of the rimlands.