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In this important study, Patrice Philie establishes a conceptual narrative of 20th-Century accounts of rationality, the capacity to formulate and understand meaningful thoughts. Philie connects eight key thinkers from both the analytic and continental traditions: Frege, Husserl, Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Davidson, Gadamer, Habermas and Rawls. In elucidating the nature of rationality, Philie shows that the two traditions as not as far apart as it is generally assumed. Rationality in 20th Century Philosophy argues that the best place to begin an investigation into human nature is with the nature of rationality. The book investigates key thinkers of 20th Century philosophy in relation to their views on the nature of understanding as it relates to rationality and establishes a historical thread connecting them together. Crucially, Philie reveals their common preoccupation with language, understanding, meaning and interpretation and shows that the analytic and continental traditions might not be as far apart as they appear to be.