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This present policy note takes stock of the nature of the financial, institutional and technical support and preferential trade-related treatments that have been provided to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). It is mainly designed to contribute to the debate leading up to the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2011, and to provide an assessment of how effective existing international support measures have been. It identifies ways in which those measures can be strengthened and suggests additional interventions that need to be considered in order to facilitate development in LDCs. The report argues for greater coherence between the international strategy for LDCs and other existing development strategies. A clearer link also needs to be established between the poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) and the overall strategy and measures that will be decided upon at the Fourth United Nations Conference on LDCs.