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During the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics era, the Republics and their aligned nations were assigned responsibilities for areas of economic concentration on behalf of the entire Soviet bloc. These obligations included the pursuit of explicit areas of fundamental scientific research and technology. Since 1990, the newly independent states have been rebuilding research and development activities as part of their economic recoveries. In this publication, it is explored how the Bulgarian research, development and policy communities could more closely integrate their science policy and research evaluation practices with those of other European and NATO countries. Questions that arise are - How do various nations evaluate research and development projects? How do they evaluate the effectiveness of the institutions which sponsor or conduct such projects? How do they set priorities for their science and technology efforts and institutions? What methods are countries planning to use to guide their future scientific growth? A Bulgarian consensus is emerging about how fundamental research projects are to be selected for fundings. A similar consensus may be emerging about how programs and institutions should be evaluated for their effectiveness in selecting research projects. The selection of papers presented can be seen as an important milestone in this journey.