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Heirs to the Punic and Berber traditions, the North Africans, once conquered by the Romans and willing to show respect for their new masters' gods, did not want to forsake their beloved ancestral deities and solved this dilemma by giving Roman names to their traditional gods, who nevertheless kept most of their former natures. This phenomenon, known as interpretatio romana, resulted in an interpenetration of both religious universes, each being enriched in the process. Roman African gods thus conceal dual personalities within themselves, which this book tries to investigate through all available sources (epigraphy, literature, numismatic and archaeology), unveiling many unsuspected aspects of great deities like Saturn/Baal Hammon, Astarte/Venus or Mercury/Baal Addir. If those gods of Roman Africa have inspired many individual studies, there was still a need for a book examining them all together within their interrelations. Here is then at last a real global study of the Roman-African pantheon. *** Heritiers des traditions puniques et berberes, les Nord-africains, a l'arrivee du conquerant romain, voulurent conserver leurs divinites ancestrales tout en respectant les dieux de leur nouveau maitre. Ils affublerent donc de noms romains leurs dieux traditionnels tout en leur conservant l'essentiel de leur personnalite d'origine. Ce phenomene, connu sous le terme d'interpretatio romana, resulta en une interpenetration des deux univers religieux, qui s'enrichirent ainsi mutuellement. Les dieux de l'Afrique romaine cachent donc des personnalites multiples que cet ouvrage tente de devoiler en mettant a profit toutes les sources disponibles : epigraphie, litterature, numismatique et archeologie. Ces grandes divinites, telles que Saturne/Baal Hammon, Venus/Astarte ou Mercure/Baal Addir livrent ainsi tour a tour des aspects insoupconnes de leurs personnalites. Si les dieux d'Afrique romaine ont suscite diverses etudes individuelles, il manquait encore un ouvrage qui les examinerait tous ensemble et dans leurs rapports entre eux. Voici donc enfin une veritable etude globale du pantheon romano-africain.