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As the war ended masses of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust were traveling the roads of a decimated Europe. They had been hiding or locked up in concentration camps and were now free to return to their countries of origin, but most didn't know what would await them. Not only were their families and communities destroyed; they were now forced to live together with the European perpetrators and bystanders. The local populations often viewed the returning Jews with contempt for their return forced them to confront the role that people had played in the war. This explains why in many places the Jews' arrival was met with demonstrations and pogroms when they expressed hopes of regaining their former property and economic position. The articles included in this volume present new perspectives on the experiences of Holocaust survivors returning to their countries of origin after World War II. These studies throw new light on the manner in which governments, aid organizations and societies received returning Jews in general. After the war the survivors were once again faced with the "Jewish problem," for they continued to be seen as aliens and it wasn't long before antisemitism began to resurface.