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This report examines the relationship between disarmament and development issues, taking into account the major international changes since the adoption of the final document of the 1987 International Conference on the subject. It focuses on the role of security, the costs and consequences of military spending, the release of resources for development, the importance of multilateralism and the role of the United Nations, as well as other international organisations and institutions. The report makes a number of recommendations including the need: to mainstream the disarmament/development relationship within the international community; for a wide range of conflict prevention measures, including those related to illicit small arms and light weapons; and to promote security through greater openness and transparency, and to strengthen the role of the UN and other bodies towards these ends.