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This book re-examines British policy toward the European Union. It develops the concept of party management, where party leaders must achieve a balance between prointegrationists and anti-integrationists within their own party. Low majority governments need to balance between these veto players so that policy is cautious, hesitant, and delayist.' The book argues that this is ultimately the result of the electoral system, providing strong incentives for a two-party system and one-party government. It sets out a theory of party management, and reviews major episodes from the Referendum of 1975 to the Question of membership of the EEC in order to test this hypothesis. It also reviews alternative approaches to explaining government preferences. It considers how change to a proportional representation electoral system might alter British preferences on Europe. It claims that the need to balance between pro and anti-integrationists raises the democratic legitimacy of British policy choice. Finally, it argues that party leaders should make a virtue of the necessity of management by highlighting its beneficial democratic effects.