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Latin American countries have reformed infrastructure services through private sector participation to enhance internal efficiency and competition to increase consumer welfare. This book offers conceptual and practical approaches to help such emerging economies identify competition problems in infrastructure sectors and find legal and structural solutions. Infrastructure services have evolved from being publicly owned monopolies into entities in which private participation prevails, complemented by competition and regulation. However, even though competition is pivotal to public service reform, a high degree of vertical and horizontal concentration still pervades the industrial structure of many Latin American countries. Furthermore, mergers and acquisitions in an increasingly global economy, without appropriate legislation to promote competition and restrain market control, have often led to reduced levels of competition.