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The socio-economic system underpinning apartheid in South Africa was based on the exploitation of black workers in the mines, the factories, the fields and the shops. It is widely recognized that the struggles of the South African black working class contributed decisively to the overthrow of the racist regime. In recognition of the power of organized labour, the democratic government elected in 1994 granted South Africa's unions unprecedented legal and constitutional rights. However, despite these gains, the country's labour movement has been facing a fresh set of challenges, from macroeconomic policy to the factory floor, many of them emanating from labour's political allies in government. The purpose of this book is to examine how the South African labour movement is responding to these challenges. A variety of experts on South African labour, both within the country and outside, deal with crucial issues - how has South Africa's labour movement reacted to the ANC government's neoliberal economic agenda? How do the unions relate to an increasingly diversifying, "flexible" and vulnerable workforce? What are labour's prospects of contributing to a left project in democratic South Africa? And what are the challenges facing the unions in relation to new forms of militancy and social movements?