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Throughout both Western Europe and the former Soviet bloc, there has been a transition away from traditional heavy industry in certain peripheral areas. This has necessitated a complete restructuring of local economies of such regions. This volume brings together researchers and practitioners from Scotland and Poland to compare their experiences of regional development and restructuring in areas of former heavy industry. As Poland approaches EU entry, the comparisons have greater salience; the Polish are eager to learn from Western experience while the West will become more involved in Central European development. The book is divided into four main sections: the first examining economic transformation and restructuring; the second focusing on social partnerships and their role in regional economic development; the third looking at enterprise initiatives and development; and the final section questioning the role of FDI. It concludes by bringing together the findings from both countries, critically analysing the different policies, incentives and multi-level structures involved in regional economic development. In doing so, it aims to provide a fresh perspective on the relevant policy matters and stresses the importance of building appropriate institutional capacity to promote development.