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Britain has a very large winter excess of mortality, which is greater than in most other countries in continental Europe. The UK government has recently introduced a new home energy efficiency scheme (known as Warm Front) to improve the energy efficiency of dwellings of those on low income . The aim of this scheme is partly to tackle the adverse h ealth consequences (including winter death) of inadequate home heating. This study makes a direct connection between the risk of winter mortality and housing quality in England. It demonstrates that people living in homes that are difficult or costly to heat are at increased risk of winter/cold-related death. The study is based on new epidemiological analyses, which link mortality data with data on housing quality from a large national survey. Its innovative analyses provide new insights into the cause of the large winter excess of deaths in Britain. This report should be of interest to every one concerned with public health and housing policy, including central government policy makers; local authority housing, environment and public health professionals; NGOs with an interest in housing, older people and disadvantaged people; teachers and students of epidemiology, public health, nursing, housing and architecture.