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On either side of the globe, poor people often do not have access to the health services they need. Improvements in health care systems in Asia have lagged behind economic development, and progress in expanding health coverage in Latin America has been skewed across income levels. This text takes a close look at how countries in both regions provide health-care services, including the strategies that work and the problems that persist. The book documents encouraging progress in Bolivia, Brazil, China and Vietnam, and important preventive care programmes in Central America and Thailand. It also examines health services in Chile, Colombia, the Philippines and Malaysia, as well as the health system and insurance model in Japan. Even though public and preventive health require specific and sustained allocations, both regions continue to use health insurance and other supply mechanisms to expand health service coverage. The book recommends broadening the supply of services through family doctors and community health workers, an alternative approach that would likely improve the equity, efficiency and sustainability of services.