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Constitutional litigation in general attracts two distinct types of conflict: disputes of a highly politicized or culturally controversial nature and requests from citizens claiming a violation of a fundamental constitutional right. This volume shows that the U.S. Supreme Court and the German Federal Constitutional court fulfill similar functions and are faced with similar issues: the vast majority of cases are complaints or petitions from citizens whereas the "political" cases are relatively few but are decisive in shaping the role of the two courts. The authors, all eminent American and German constitutional lawyers and political scientists, analyze the political function of the two courts.