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With the future stability of the European continent in balance, it is crucial that the institutions charged with assisting in the transformation of Central and Eastern Europe are examined so as to assess their utility and impact. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development was established to be the primary lending institution with respect to the political and economic tranformation of the states of Central Europe from command to market economies. This study is about the EBRD, its goals, strategies and policies. It is also about the political infighting between the main shareholders of the EBRD - the United States and the states of the European Union - and how this infighting over economic ideology and status will continue to impact upon the states of Central and Eastern Europe and their long-term ability to make this transition. The book argues from a Gramscian perspective, that many of the arguments used by one set of states or the other are about larger idea-based disagreements with respect to the future political and economic nature of Central and Eastern Europe. Thus it is a battle of a broader nature between the United States and Europe, though fought through the mechanisms of the EBRD. Finally, the author considers the role of the EBRD in the future and explores the implications for the broad security of Europe in the 21st century.