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This history of Islamic movements and their activities is based on interviews with four such Arab Islamic movements: Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood; Sudan's National Islamic front; Jordan's Islamic Action Front; and Tunisia's Al-Nahdah. The discussions with activists seek to shed new light on the Islamists' conceptions of democracy and its place in their political philosophy. Each of the four chapters discuss a different country (Tunisia, Sudan, Egypt and Jordan) and explore the experiences and political and historical contexts of each of these movements. In the main comparative chapter on Islamist conceptions of democracy, the author argues that the forms of democracy advocated by the Islamists can be described far more precisely than they may have been hitherto, and that their version of democracy has an organic philosophical relation with their deeper ontological and epistemological doctrines.