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Social scientists in the post-war period went into organizations and sought to explore what actually happened and thus to test the armchair theories produced by earlier writers. Managerial work is literally defined as the work that managers do, but what is a manager, and is all the work managers do managerial? The articles which make up this volume have been selected to provide an historical overview of the field. They aim to give the reader an understanding of the different kinds of studies that have been done, the different methodologies that have been used and their advantages and disadvantages, the criticisms that have been made of the field, and the suggestions for future work. But the main aim has been to illustrate different kinds of studies and overall to show the different ways in which managerial work can be conceptualized and studied. Tha articles that make up this volume cover such areas as the direction of activity and communication in a departmental executive group, predictors of variation in managerial roles, structured observation as a method of studying managerial work, models for understanding managerial jobs and critical research overviews.