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This text deals with the last years of the planned economy in Kazakstan and goes on to explore the beginning of national sovereignty, the introduction of the national currency, and the first steps by the Kazakstani government on a course of reform. The book covers the most important elements of economic changes: privatization and industrial transformation. A view of the methods of reform in different sectors of the economy is also provided: the oil and gas industry; agrarian sector; banking system; foreign economic activity and military complex. The final analysis is upon the socio-economic implications of transition.