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This study shows that Marxism was not only relevant to agrarian societies like China, but also that Marx's writings directly influenced the Chinese to found their Communist party. Before they met the Bolsheviks, the Chinese learnt from Marx an explanation for their socio-economic problems. They also learnt that it would be an appropriate time for them to embark on their socialist revolution, and the Soviet advice only confirmed for them the correctness of their reading of Marx. This analysis of the nature and development of Marxism in China demonstrates that the Chinese Marxian praxis formed a clear departure from previous Chinese world views. Its development is a conflict between those of the Marxian perspective and the more Soviet scientific Leninist one. The story culminates in the current "thermidorian reaction", including the re-embrace of Confucianism, opposition to which was central in the founding of the Chinese Communist Party.