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Are bird songs learned or genetically programmed? How do animals attract the opposite sex? How does play affect development? How do wolves signal surrender? Which animals have been observed using tools? Do squirrels ever forget food caches? How do bees differentiate between hives? Can some animals count? Examines the state of the art-and its evolution Exploring the full range of animal behavior studies, this authoritative Handbook covers the current state of the art as well as important historical developments in the field since its beginnings over a century ago. It features original essays by comparative psychologists and other animal behavior researchers in experimental psychology who examine and report on the latest research and discoveries in the areas of evolution, development, and species-typical behavior. Discusses all other major approaches to animal behavior The Handbook is the only major reference work to offer a unique psychological perspective of the field. It is also the only one to provide numerous examples of other major approaches to animal behavior, and to discuss and compare them. Arranged in eight major sections for quick and efficient information retrieval, the Handbook: Covers the history and philosophical foundations of comparative psychology, spotlights key figures, and provides international perspectives. Surveys all the important concepts, issues, and theoretical developments in the field. Addresses the latest methodology, focusing on apparatus, research design, statistical techniques, and zoo research. Deals with physiological correlates of behavior, hormones, pheromones, sensation and perception, and sleep. Provides intensive examinations of the behavior of a wide variety of species and groups of animals, from cephalopods and insects to wolves and primates. Covers the key psychological processes of learning and development of behavior, a major emphasis of the field that distinguishes it from other approaches. Treats the full range of functional behaviors by which individuals and species ensure survival and reproductive success. Analyzes cognitive processes, describing complex patterns of behavior in terms of information processing and use. Ideal as a source book for students in comparative psychology, ethology, sociobiology, anthropology, and evolutionary psychology, the Handbook is also a handy reference for scientists working in these fields and for the lay person who wants to understand animal behavior.