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This book encompasses many diverse topics such as the decision making style of Pakistan's early entrepreneurs since 1947, state incentives to business groups, the evolution of management practices and the universal applicability of the Systems Approach as having explanatory power for long term growth of business groups. The relationship between these issues poses new challenges for the scholar. The role of the owner manager as decision maker or forward looking entrepreneur and businessman offers insight into the politico-business culture in early industrialization. In the long term, it was the internal organizational factors, drawing from the Systems Approach methodology that prevailed over the external environment of the Groups examined. Hence long term growth was dependent on consistent adoption of systems, not connections. The work of this author provides a bridge between the past and current debate on which business strategy is the most effective or sustainable, given that businesses operate in different environments, culture, ownership structures and political regimes.