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This study examines the changing nature of academic institutions caused by the globalization of the political economy at the end of the 20th century. Defining "academic capitalism" as institutional and professional market or market-like efforts to secure external monies, the authors describe how faculty and professional staff have become state-subsidized entrepreneurs, expending their human capital stocks increasingly in competitive situations. With a particular focus on public research universities in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia, the authors look at how faculty are spending their time, what forces are driving their choices of activities, and what this means for higher education. The text links the emergence of academic capitalism to the growth of global markets, national policies targeting faculty applied research, the decline of the block grant as a vehicle for state support for higher education, and the concomitant increase in faculty engagement with the market.