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In the wake of the popular revolutions which have overthrown Stalinist regimes in Eastern Europe, Alex Callinicos reconsiders the socialist tradition founded in opposition to Stalinism by Trotsky. Trotsky argued that Stalinism represented a betrayal of the principles of the October Revolution and sought to create a movement capable of rescuing the Marxist tradition.l Alex Callinicos traces the intellectual history of this movement from its origins in Trotsky's own thought to the crisis of the Trotskyist Fourth International provoked by the apparent strength and stability of Western capitalism and Stalinism. This book traces the various strands of Trotskyist theory and takes a different look at its analysis of the Eastern Bloc which rejects both the market and bureaucratic command economies.