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The 1960s saw the start of sustained process of declining fertility in Latin America based on a change in the reproductive patterns of families. There has been a trend towards more or less generalized behaviour of regulating fertility, coincided with a rise in the avialability and the use of methods of contraception. There are, however, differences between and within countries of the region which are analyzed in this book. This volume studies the process of transition from high to low fertility as it has occurred and is occurring in Latin America. It provides a general and comparative overview of transition in the region, in which the link between socio-economic development and declining fertility is explored. The comparative analyses are complemented by five individual country studies in the final section.