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Part of a series on the non-profit sector worldwide, this text examines non-profit organizations in France, which, despite their invisibility in official statistics, have come to permeate French society. From mutual societies to high-profile charities like Medecins Sans Frontieres, non-profit organizations have become a clear expression of social and cultural change in France. The author of this text argues that non-profit organizations have a unique ability to marry private initiative with public concerns. She discusses the history of these organizations since the Revolution and their legal status, and then offers an empirical analysis of the scope, structure and financing of the non-profit sector in France. She discusses recent trends in the major subsectors of culture, education and health, and in government policy towards the sector. Finally she argues that, as in other western democracies, the French state is losing its monopoly on public good.