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This account examines the origin and development of ecological thought over the last three centuries, emphasizing ecological ideas within the earth and life sciences since the mid-19th century. Despite recent efforts to develop a set of unified ecological principles and concepts, ecology remains a very diverse and pluralistic science. Its history, therefore, is really several seperate histories, the common thread being the focus on inter-relationships between organisms and their environment. Because of this, ecology offers a unique perspective - it is the science which comes closest to characterizing nature itself.