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The nature of the British "Welfare State", established in the 1940s through the acceptance of the Beveridge Report's recommendations and assumptions, has long been the subject of an inconclusive debate, although knowledge of its history has been rapidly increasing as official papers have become open to access under the thirty year rule. What aims, interests and forces shaped its development before and after the Beveridge Report's appearance, from the Liberal innovations in social policy before 1914 to the collapse of full employment in the 1970s? The answers provided by historical research and discussion are examined in this book, offering a critical study of the modernization of social policy in Britain.