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In a world in which economics and mass communications are unifying, ethnic conflict and nationalism have suddenly re-emerged as major political forces. Is this due to the advance of modernity? Will a global culture supersede nationalism? In fact, the revolution of modernity has stirred up ethnic memories and communities, as people look for stability and meaning in an age of unprecedented change. Ethnic nationalism challenges, but also reinforces the national state. By comparison, supra-national ideals seem vague and pale, and the dream of a cosmopolitan global culture is utopian. For all its shortcomings, Smith argues, the nation and its nationalism is likely to remain the only realistic and widespread popular ideal of community. Anthony D. Smith is the author of "Nationalism in the Twentieth Century", "The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World", "The Ethnic Origins of Nations" and "National Identity".