Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

英国保守党－イデオロギーとシティズンシップ
Campos Maschette, Lenon, The British Conservative Party: Ideology and Citizenship. (Routledge Studies in Modern British History) 216 pp. 2024:2 (Routledge, UK) <711-848>
ISBN 978-1-032-49641-2 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00 *

Citizenship has been an ill-explored subject within Conservative Party studies. When this subject has been analysed, it is usually made by scholars of citizenship, more concerned with general overviews than understanding specific Conservative approaches to the concept. This book intends to fill this gap.Through a rigorous analysis of sources, the author explores how the Conservative Party contested the welfare model of citizenship and sought to recreate a new relationship between the individual, the state and civil society. Starting from Thatcher's idea of 'active citizenship' and going through the analysis of John Major's 'Citizen's Charter' and David Cameron's 'Big Society' project, the book sheds new light on how these developments responded to long-term problems while dialoguing with specific circumstances and the different Conservative leaders' ideas.From an ideological perspective, the author analyses how these leaders echoed and re-signified more traditional political ideas and ideologies while negotiating with and borrowing new flourishing concepts during those years. Far from being a unidimensional citizenship concept, in reinterpreting old ideas and utilizing new ones, these Conservatives elaborated a complex and many times contradictory citizenship model that tried to address both long-lasting and more timely issues that overlapped in British society.

過去の政治－戦間期の記憶と英国大衆政治の形成　1939～2009年
Cowan, David, Politics of the Past: Inter-War Memories and the Making of British Popular Politics, 1939-2009. (Modern British Histories) 306 pp. 2024:4 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <711-849>
ISBN 978-1-009-34028-1 hard ¥23,936.- (税込) GB￡ 85.00 *

The inter-war period (1918-1939) is still remembered as a period of mass deprivation - the 'hungry thirties'. But how did this impression emerge? Thousands of conversations about life in the inter-war period - between parents and children around the dinner table; among workmates at the pub - shaped these understandings. In turn, these fed into popular politics. Stories about the embryonic welfare system in the early-twentieth century informed how people felt towards the National Health Service; memories of the Great Depression shaped arguments about state intervention in the economy. Challenging accounts of widespread political disengagement in the twentieth century, Politics of the Past shows how re-telling family stories about the inter-war period offered ordinary people an accessible way of engaging in politics. Drawing on six local case studies across Scotland and England, this book explains how stories about the inter-war working-class experience in industrial areas came to appear commonplace nationwide.

1935年以降の英国における公式野党
Fletcher, Nigel, Institutionalised Dissent: The Official Opposition in the UK since 1935. (Routledge Studies in British Politics) 272 pp. 2023:12 (Routledge, UK) <711-850>
ISBN 978-0-367-51438-9 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00 *

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of a peculiar but now firmly established British institution- the Official Opposition- tracking its development since 1935.Despite its inherent importance to the conduct of politics and government, the Official Opposition as an institution remains poorly understood. The concept of 'Loyal Opposition' has become so entrenched in the Westminster parliamentary model that it is now taken for granted that the principal challengers to the government of the day are given significant official recognition by the state. Political dissent has become institutionalised and legitimised.Using previously unpublished archive material and candid interviews with former Leaders of the Opposition and their staff, the book examines the constraints and dilemmas facing the Official Opposition. Detailing the way successive opposition leaders have organised their staff and Shadow Cabinets, it highlights the practical difficulties they face in holding the government to account and preparing for government. The study concludes by arguing that the role of the Official Opposition is vital but ill- defined, that the inadequacy of its resources has impacted on its effectiveness, and that there are potentially serious challenges to it as a model.The book will be of key interest to scholars of British politics, British history, parliamentary and legislative studies, and government and democracy more generally.

Kelly, Henry Ansgar, Criminal-Inquisitorial Trials in English Church Courts: From the Middle Ages to the Reformation. (Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Canon Law) 500 pp. 2023 (Catholic U. America Pr., US) <711-572>
ISBN 978-0-8132-3737-4 hard ¥16,087.- (税込) US$ 75.00 *

After inquisitorial procedure was introduced at the Fourth Lateran Council in Rome in 1215 (the same year as England's first Magna Carta), virtually all court trials initiated by bishops and their subordinates were inquisitions. That meant that accusers were no longer needed. Rather, the judges themselves leveled charges against persons when they were publicly suspected of specific offenses--like fornication, or witchcraft, or simony. Secret crimes were off limits, including sins of thought (like holding a heretical belief). Defendants were allowed full defenses if they denied charges. These canonical rules were systematically violated by heresy inquisitors in France and elsewhere, especially by forcing self-incrimination. But in England, due process was generally honored and the rights of defendants preserved, though with notable exceptions.In this book, Henry Ansgar Kelly, a noted forensic historian, describes the reception and application of inquisition in England from the thirteenth century onwards and analyzes all levels of trial proceedings, both minor and major, from accusations of sexual offenses and cheating on tithes to matters of religious dissent. He covers the trials of the Knights Templar early in the fourteenth century and the prosecutions of followers of John Wyclif at the end of the century. He details how the alleged crimes of ""criminous clerics"" were handled, and demonstrates that the judicial actions concerning Henry VIII's marriages were inquisitions in which the king himself and his queens were defendants. Trials of Alice Kyteler, Margery Kempe, Eleanor Cobham, and Anne Askew are explained, as are the unjust trials condemning Bishop Reginald Pecock of error and heresy (1457-59) and Richard Hunne for defending English Bibles (1514). He deals with the trials of Lutheran dissidents at the time of Thomas More's chancellorship, and trials of bishops under Edward VI and Queen Mary, including those against Stephen Gardiner and Thomas Cranmer. Under Queen Elizabeth, Kelly shows, there was a return to the letter of papal canon law (which was not true of the papal curia). In his conclusion he responds to the strictures of Sir John Baker against inquisitorial procedure, and argues that it compares favorably to the common-law trial by jury.

イギリス史における反逆の盛衰
Boyer, Allen / Nicholls, Mark, The Rise and Fall of Treason in English History. 392 pp. 2024:2 (Routledge, UK) <711-1665>
ISBN 978-0-367-50993-4 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00 *

This book explores the development and application of the law of treason in England across more than a thousand years, placing this legal history within a broader historical context.Describing many high-profile prosecutions and trials, the book focuses on the statutes, ordinances and customs that have at various times governed, limited and shaped this worst of crimes. It explores the reasons why treason coalesced around specific offences agreed by both the monarch and the wider political nation, why it became an essential instrument of enforcement in high politics, and why, over the past three hundred years, it has gradually fallen into disuse while remaining on the statute book. This book also considers why treason as both a word and a concept remains so potent in wider modern culture, investigating prevalent current misconceptions about what is and what is not treason. It concludes by suggesting that the abolition or 'death' of treason in the near future, while a logical next step, is by no means a foregone conclusion.The Rise and Fall of Treason in English History is a thorough academic introduction for scholars and history students, as well as general readers with an interest in British political and legal history.

Locke, Chris, GPs, Politics and Medical Professional Protest in Britain, 1880-1948. (Routledge Studies in Modern British History) 396 pp. 2023:11 (Routledge, UK) <711-1672>
ISBN 978-1-032-57200-0 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00 *

This book charts the journey of British General Practitioners (GPs) towards professional self-realisation through the development of a political consciousness manifested in a series of bruising encounters with government. GPs are an essential part of the social fabric of modern Britain but as a group have always felt undervalued, clashing with successive governments over the terms on which they offered their services to the public. Explaining the background to these disputes and the motives of GPs from a sociological perspective, this research casts new light on some defining moments in the creation of the modern British state, from National Health Insurance to the National Health Service, and the history of the British medical profession. It examines these events from the point of view of the professionals intimately involved in and affected by them, using both established sources, like Ministry of Health records, an in-depth analysis of rarely studied records of professional bodies, and previously unresearched archive material. The result is a fascinating account of conflict and cooperation, and of heroic, and less-than-heroic, defiance of political authority, involving interactions between complex personalities and competing ideologies.Scholarly yet readable, this book will be of interest to the general reader as much as to medical practitioners and historians.

イギリス・プロイセン関係　1701～13年
Matthews, Crawford, Anglo-Prussian Relations 1701-1713: The Reciprocal Production of Status through Ceremony, Diplomacy, and War. (Routledge Research in Early Modern History) 392 pp. 2024:2 (Routledge, UK) <711-1674>
ISBN 978-1-032-30263-8 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00 *

In 1701, Frederick I crowned himself the first King in Prussia. This title required a process of royal status construction in conjunction with other European rulers, and Frederick found his most willing partners in the English monarchy. This volume examines their ceremonial and military cooperation. Diplomatic ceremonial was the medium through which the English state and its representatives recognised the new royal rank of the Hohenzollern dynasty. In exchange, Frederick engaged in extensive military cooperation with the English in the War of the Spanish Succession. Yet English statesmen and diplomats also instrumentalised Anglo-Prussian relations for their own status production, furthering their careers and elevating their rank via the symbolic construction of Prussian royal dignity. This book investigates this reciprocal construction of status and rank, exploring the aims and actions of actors involved, and assessing the extent to which they succeeded. Consequently, this book represents an actor-centred work of 'new diplomatic history' that simultaneously reinterprets the reign of Frederick I and assesses a crucial yet understudied chapter in the rise of Prussia.This book will appeal to scholars and students of early modern diplomatic history, as well as general readers interested in the history of England and Prussia.

近世イングランドにおける女性の使用人
Mansell, Charmain, Female Servants in Early Modern England. (British Academy Monographs) 360 pp. 2024:1 (British Academy, UK) <711-1313>
ISBN 978-0-19-726758-5 hard ¥30,412.- (税込) GB￡ 108.00 *

What was it like to be a woman in service in early modern England? Drawing on evidence recorded in church court testimony, Mansell excavates experiences of over a thousand female servants between 1532 and 1649. Intervening in histories of labour, gender, freedom, law, migration, youth, and community, Female Servants in Early Modern England rethinks traditional scholarship of servant institution. De-coupling 'household' and 'service', it highlights the importance of female servants' labour to the wider economy and their key role in broader social networks and communities, despite their high mobility. Moving beyond regulatory codes of service prescribed by law and conduct literature, Mansell reveals the varied experiences of these women in service, both fluid and contingent: in early modern England, service (and the freedoms it allowed) was in flux.

Brooke, Stephen, London, 1984: Conflict and Change in the Radical City. 304 pp. 2024:2 (Oxford U. Pr., UK) <711-1522>
ISBN 978-0-19-886288-8 hard ¥9,856.- (税込) GB￡ 35.00 *

In London in 1984 two very different cities came into conflict, one rooted in radical politics and the other shaped by Margaret Thatcher and the Conservative government. This was a city poised between two eras and identities, remoulded in conflicting ways by social democracy and neoliberalism. Using a wide array of sources, many of which have never been used before, London, 1984 explores the radical history of the capital in this tumultuous era, from a major anti-apartheid march in central London to an alternative childcare centre in Dalston, from a protest staged on the Thames against Docklands development to tensions on housing estates in the East End and Tottenham around racial violence and policing, from a raid on a gay bookshop in Bloomsbury to the Greater London Council's attempt to build a challenge to Thatcherism from County Hall, Lambeth, and from controversial and well-known historical actors, such as Ken Livingstone and Margaret Thatcher, to the compelling stories of numerous less famous Londoners who also sought to influence the shape and nature of their city. This is a story of struggles within the corridors of power, but it is also one of those on the ground, waged through popular culture and activism, and in daily life. In so doing, London, 1984 offers a panoramic, timely, and revealing portrait of the city in a pivotal decade in its modern history. These years saw deep problems of racial violence, policing, and poverty, as well as other controversies and struggles-over feminism, gay and lesbian rights, anti-racism, jobs and economic strategy, neoliberalism and the nature of the state, and global issues, such as Apartheid, nuclear weapons, and Northern Ireland. Across these, and the stories of those who lived, shaped, and fought them, we see the roots of London and Britian today.

Jackson, Roland, Scientific Advice to the Nineteenth-Century British State. (Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century) 420 pp. 2023:11 (U. Pittsburgh Pr., US) <711-106>
ISBN 978-0-8229-4790-5 hard ¥15,015.- (税込) US$ 70.00 *

In twenty-first-century Britain, scientific advice to government is highly organized, integrated across government departments, and led by a chief scientific adviser who reports directly to the prime minister. But at the end of the eighteenth century, when Roland Jackson's account begins, things were very different. With this book, Jackson turns his attention to the men of science of the day-who derived their knowledge of the natural world from experience, observation, and experiment-focusing on the essential role they played in proffering scientific advice to the state, and the impact of that advice on public policy. At a time that witnessed huge scientific advances and vast industrial development, and as the British state sought to respond to societal, economic, and environmental challenges, practitioners of science, engineering, and medicine were drawn into close involvement with politicians. Jackson explores the contributions of these emerging experts, the motivations behind their involvement, the forces that shaped this new system of advice, and the legacy it left behind. His book provides the first detailed analysis of the provision of scientific, engineering, and medical advice to the nineteenth-century British government, parliament, the civil service, and the military.