Trousson, Raymond / Vercruysse, Jeroom (dir.), Dictionnaire general de Voltaire. (Champion classiques, references et dictionnaires 18) 1272 p. 2020:10 (Champion, FR) <670-9>
ISBN 978-2-38096-016-7 paper ¥7,064.- (税込) EUR 38.00

Parker, Wendy S., Climate Science. (Elements in the Philosophy of Science) 75 pp. 2024:12 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <737-84>
ISBN 978-1-009-61934-9 hard ¥15,488.- (税込) GB￡ 55.00 *
ISBN 978-1-009-61931-8 paper ¥5,068.- (税込) GB￡ 18.00 *

This Element examines how climate scientists have arrived at answers to three key questions about climate change: How much is earth's climate warming? What is causing this warming? What will climate be like in the future? Resources from philosophy of science are employed to analyse the methods that climate scientists use to address these questions and the inferences that they make from the evidence collected. Along the way, the analysis contributes to broader philosophical discussions of data modelling and measurement, robustness analysis, explanation, and model evaluation.

Sen, A. Tunc, Forgotten Experts: Astrologers, Science, and Authority in the Ottoman Empire, 1450-1600. (Stanford Ottoman World Series: Critical Studies in Empire, Nature, and Knowledge) 344 pp. 2025:5 (Stanford U. Pr., US) <737-85>
ISBN 978-1-5036-4265-2 hard ¥15,015.- (税込) US$ 70.00

Forgotten Experts offers a history of Ottoman court astrologers and traces their shifting authority and prestige over the long sixteenth century. These individuals served the Ottoman court with their expertise in mathematical, astronomical, and astrological sciences, distinguishing themselves from other occult practitioners and esoteric specialists. While both prophecy and prognostication are attempts to map the terrain of the future, the astrologers' work did not claim spiritual weight as a prophecy but relied instead on methods of prediction developed from data and patterns elaborated through technical and scientific writings. Drawing on extensive manuscript and archival records written in Ottoman Turkish, Persian, and Arabic, A. Tunc Sen writes a history of science, state formation, and bureaucracy within the overarching tale of Ottoman imperial formation and protocols. He invites readers to follow Ottoman court astrologers' fluctuating careers as practitioners of a contentious science and shows how this class of learned individuals constructed its scientific authority despite numerous cultural, societal, and epistemic challenges. In understanding the expertise of court astrologers, we gain insight into the intricate social relations established and maintained between the men of knowledge and the men of rule, between expertise and statecraft, in the early modern Ottoman imperial context.

Sereni, Andrea, Definitions and Mathematical Knowledge. (Elements in the Philosophy of Mathematics) 75 pp. 2025:1 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <737-86>
ISBN 978-1-009-51767-6 hard ¥15,488.- (税込) GB￡ 55.00 *
ISBN 978-1-009-09599-0 paper ¥5,068.- (税込) GB￡ 18.00 *

This Element discusses the philosophical roles of definitions in the attainment of mathematical knowledge. It first focuses on the role of definitions in foundational programs, and then examines their major varieties, both as regards their origins, their potential epistemic roles, and their formal constraints. It examines explicit definitions, implicit definitions, and implicit definitions of primitive terms, these latter being further divided into axiomatic and abstractive. After discussing elucidations and explications, various ways in which definitions can yield mathematical knowledge are surveyed.

Tasca, Luisa, The Science of the Child in Liberal Italy. (Palgrave Studies in the History of Childhood) 211 pp. 2024:10 (Palgrave Macmillan, UK) <737-87>
ISBN 978-3-031-65777-1 hard ¥30,169.- (税込) EUR 129.99

This book investigates a forgotten chapter of history: the role of Italian sciences within the child study movement. Between the 1880s and the First World War, children became the focus of unprecedented professional and scientific interest in Europe and the United States. The bodies and psyches of children, their care and growth, their development, 'normal' and 'abnormal', intelligence, and moral sense, constituted a new field of research. Italy, which had just become a nation, also took part in this international movement: on the study of the child, a substantial part of the Italian ruling class launched itself, with a mixture of enthusiasm, hope and concern, on the frontier between different areas of knowledge. Using a broad spectrum of sources, this book offers the first overview of the Italian scientific movement of child study.

〔新注釈付〕F.J.ヴァレラ他著　生物学的自律の原理
Varela, Francisco J. / Cohen-Varela, Amy, Principles of Biological Autonomy. A new annotated ed. Ed. & annotated by E. A. Di Paolo et al. 400 pp. 2025:5 (MIT Pr., US) <737-88>
ISBN 978-0-262-55140-3 paper ¥15,015.- (税込) US$ 70.00

Veigl, Sophie J. / Currie, Adrian (eds.), Methods in the Philosophy of Science: A User's Guide. 640 pp. 2025:7 (MIT Pr., US) <737-89>
ISBN 978-0-262-55224-0 paper ¥53,625.- (税込) US$ 250.00

Zanetti, Luca / Boccuni, Francesca, Abstractionism. (Elements in the Philosophy of Mathematics) 75 pp. 2025:1 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <737-90>
ISBN 978-1-009-50979-4 hard ¥15,488.- (税込) GB￡ 55.00 *
ISBN 978-1-009-37515-3 paper ¥5,068.- (税込) GB￡ 18.00 *

The aim of this Element is to provide an overview of abstractionism in the philosophy of mathematics. The authors distinguish between mathematical abstractionism, which interprets mathematical theories on the basis of abstraction principles, and philosophical abstractionism, which attributes a philosophical significance to mathematical abstractionism. They then survey the main semantic, ontological, and epistemological theses that are associated with philosophical abstractionism. Finally, the authors suggest that the most recent developments in the debate pull abstractionism in different directions.

Barkleit, Gerhard, Heinz Barwich: Ein unruhiger Weltverbesserer und die Kraft des Atoms. (Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungen 70) 246 S. 2024:10 (Duncker, GW) <737-75>
ISBN 978-3-428-19240-3 paper ¥11,580.- (税込) EUR 49.90 *

≫Heinz Barwich. A Restless World-Changer and the Power of the Atom≪: Heinz Barwich, founding director of the Rossendorf Central Institute for Nuclear Research at the Academy of Sciences, was one of the few outstanding physicists in the GDR who successfully implemented innovative technologies after their ten-year internment in the Soviet Union. Oscillating between physics and politics, the brilliant individualist tried in vain to instrumentalize the secret services of East and West for his goals. 1964 he turned his back on the GDR and died in Cologne in 1966.

〔英訳〕天才、英雄、聖人－ノーベル賞と科学に対する世間のイメージ
Bucchi, Massimiano, Geniuses, Heroes, and Saints: The Nobel Prize and the Public Image of Science. Tr. by T. Aragona. 208 pp. 2025:5 (MIT Pr., US) <737-76>
ISBN 978-0-262-55184-7 paper ¥7,507.- (税込) US$ 35.00

Devorkin, David H., From the Laboratory to the Moon: The Quiet Genius of George R. Carruthers. (Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation Series) 464 pp. 2025:2 (MIT Pr., US) <737-77>
ISBN 978-0-262-55139-7 paper ¥12,870.- (税込) US$ 60.00

Fuentes, Agustin, Sex Is a Spectrum: The Biological Limits of the Binary. 224 pp. 2025:5 (Princeton U. Pr., US) <737-78>
ISBN 978-0-691-24941-4 hard ¥5,351.- (税込) US$ 24.95

Why human biology is far more expansive than the simple categories of female and maleBeing human entails an astonishingly complex interplay of biology and culture, and while there are important differences between women and men, there is a lot more variation and overlap than we may realize. Sex Is a Spectrum offers a bold new paradigm for understanding the biology of sex, drawing on the latest science to explain why the binary view of the sexes is fundamentally flawed-and why having XX or XY chromosomes isn't as conclusive as some would have us believe.In this lively and provocative book, leading biological anthropologist Agustin Fuentes begins by tracing the origin and evolution of sex, describing the many ways in the animal kingdom of being female, male, or both. Turning to humans, he presents compelling evidence from the fossil and archaeological record that attests to the diversity of our ancestors' sexual bonds, gender roles, and family and community structures, and shows how the same holds true in the lived experiences of people today. Fuentes tackles hot button debates around sports and medicine, explaining why we can acknowledge that females and males are not the same while also embracing a biocultural reality where none of us fits neatly into only one of two categories.Bringing clarity and reason to a contentious issue, Sex Is a Spectrum shares a scientist's perspective on why a binary view of sex and gender is not only misguided but harmful, and why there are multitudes of ways to being human.

Gattei, Stefano / Corvi, Roberta (eds.), Feyerabend in Dialogue: Critical Essays. (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 346) 288 pp. 2024:11 (Springer, GW) <737-79>
ISBN 978-3-031-71937-0 hard ¥32,490.- (税込) EUR 139.99 *

This book offers innovative historical scholarship on Feyerabend's take on topics such as realism, empiricism, pluralism, materialism, and incommensurability. In addition to discussing certain debates in the philosophy of physics, it also considers the ways in which Feyerabend's thought can contribute to contemporary debates in science and public policy. It does so by including questions about the nature of scientific methodology, the role of science in society, the public understanding of science, scientism, and the role of expertise in public policy. The chapters provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the topics that Feyerabend engaged with throughout his career, showing both the breadth and the depth of his thought. Though of great value to academics in philosophy of science, it is also accessible and appealing to non-academic audiences with a general interest in science.

Knuuttila, Tarja / Gruene-Yanoff, Till et al. (eds.), Modeling the Possible: Perspectives from Philosophy of Science. (Routledge Studies in the Philosophy of Science) 320 pp. 2025:3 (Routledge, UK) <737-80>
ISBN 978-1-032-37964-7 hard ¥40,832.- (税込) GB￡ 145.00 *

Models are used to explore possibilities across all scientific fields. Climate models simulate the potential future climatic conditions under various emissions scenarios, macroeconomic models investigate the implications of various fiscal and monetary policy initiatives, and infectious diseases models study the spread of viral diseases under a range of conditions. Such modeling approaches have not gone ignored by philosophers of science, but they have only recently started to explicitly address modeling the possible. So far, the discussion has been spread across a variety of more or less isolated pockets of debate in the philosophy of science. Modeling the Possible: Perspectives from Philosophy of Science draws together these studies, focusing specifically on how various modeling practices probe possibilities and justify claims concerning them.The volume is divided into three sections, plus an introductory chapter. The introductory chapter provides a state-of-the-art survey of the discussions of modeling possibilities within the philosophy of science, as well as an introduction to the book's main themes and individual papers. The three sections focus on different kinds of possibility concepts, possibility spaces, and how-possibly modeling in practical situations. The chapters contained in this volume address conceptual and theoretical issues while also presenting case studies from various scientific domains: physics, evolutionary and synthetic biology, network science, climate science, economics, and epidemiology.Essential reading for philosophers of science, epistemologists, and modelers in various scientific disciplines, Modeling the Possible is also suitable for anyone interested in model-based scientific inferences, their validity, and the policy conclusions derived from them.

Lavers, Gregory, Mathematics is (mostly) Analytic. (Elements in the Philosophy of Mathematics) 75 pp. 2024:12 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <737-81>
ISBN 978-1-009-50736-3 hard ¥15,488.- (税込) GB￡ 55.00 *
ISBN 978-1-009-11111-9 paper ¥5,068.- (税込) GB￡ 18.00 *

This Element outlines and defends an account of analyticity according to which mathematics is, for the most part, analytic. The author begins by looking at Quine's arguments against the concepts of analyticity. He shows how Quine's position on analyticity is related to his view on explication and shows how this suggests a way of defining analyticity that would meet Quine's own standards for explication. The author then looks at Boghossian and his distinction between epistemic and metaphysical accounts of analyticity. Here he argues that there is a straightforward way of eliminating the confusion Boghossian sees with what he calls metaphysical accounts. The author demonstrates that the epistemic dimension of his epistemic account is almost entirely superfluous. The author then discusses how analyticity is related to truth, necessity, and questions of ontology. Finally, he discusses the vagueness of analyticity and also the relation of analyticity to the axiomatic method in mathematics.

Lyons, Timothy D., Scientific Realism. (Elements in the Philosophy of Science) 75 pp. 2025:3 (Cambridge U. Pr., UK) <737-82>
ISBN 978-1-009-50722-6 hard ¥15,488.- (税込) GB￡ 55.00 *
ISBN 978-1-108-70665-0 paper ¥5,068.- (税込) GB￡ 18.00 *

The scientific realism debate directly addresses the relation between human thought and the reality in which it finds itself. A core question: Can we justifiably believe that science accurately describes the reality that lies beneath the limits of human experience? Exploring this question, this Element begins at the most foundational level of scientific realism, the endeavor to justify belief in the existence of unobservables by way of abduction. Raising anti-realist challenges, some much discussed in the literature but also some generally overlooked, it works its way toward more refined variants of scientific realism. Because scientific realism is the default position of many scientific realists themselves often assuming it is the default position of scientists- the emphasis will be on the challenges. Those challenges will also motivate the variants of scientific realism traced. The Element concludes with a brief articulation of the author's own position, Socratic scientific realism.

知識の商人－オスマン帝国とルネサンス期ヨーロッパにおける知的交流
Morrison, Robert G., Merchants of Knowledge: Intellectual Exchange in the Ottoman Empire and Renaissance Europe. (Stanford Ottoman World Series: Critical Studies in Empire, Nature, and Knowledge) 336 pp. 2025:4 (Stanford U. Pr., US) <737-83>
ISBN 978-1-5036-3632-3 hard ¥30,030.- (税込) US$ 140.00
ISBN 978-1-5036-4268-3 paper ¥7,507.- (税込) US$ 35.00 *

Between 1450 and 1550, a remarkable century of intellectual exchange developed across the Eastern Mediterranean. As Renaissance Europe depended on knowledge from the Ottoman Empire, and the courts of Mehmed the Conqueror and Bayezid II greatly benefitted from knowledge coming out of Europe, merchants of knowledge-multilingual and transregional Jewish scholars-became an important bridge among the powers. With this book, Robert Morrison is the first to track the network of scholars who mediated exchanges in astronomy, astrology, Qabbalah, and philosophy. Their books, manuscripts, and acts of translation all held economic value, thus commercial and intellectual exchange commingled-knowledge became transactional as these merchants exchanged texts for more intellectual material and social capital. While parallels between medieval Islamic astronomy and the famous heliocentric arrangement posited by Copernicus are already known, Morrison reveals far deeper networks of intellectual exchange that extended well beyond theoretical astronomy and shows how religion, science, and philosophy, areas that will eventually develop into separate fields, were once interwoven. The Renaissance portrayed in Merchants of Knowledge is not, from the perspective of the Ottoman Muslim contacts of the Jewish merchants of knowledge, hegemonic. It's a Renaissance permeated by diversity, the cultural and political implications of which the West is only now waking up to.